Nhắc đến các thì trong tiếng Anh, nhiều bạn học sinh thường cảm thấy khó khăn với các bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành bởi sự phức tạp và dễ nhầm lẫn với thì quá khứ đơn. Tuy nhiên, đừng vội nản lòng! Là chuyên gia đồng hành cùng bạn trên con đường chinh phục tiếng Anh, Anh Ngữ Du Học ETEST sẽ giúp bạn chinh phục bí kíp sử dụng Past Perfect một cách hiệu quả nhất. Theo dõi bài viết sau để biết thêm chi tiết nhé!
Để tự tin làm các bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành, bạn có thể tham khảo phần lý thuyết sau:
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành: Công thức, dấu hiệu và bài tập chi tiết
Ôn tập lý thuyết thì quá khứ hoàn thành – Past Perfect Tense
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) được sử dụng để mô tả các sự kiện hoặc hành động đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc hành động khác trong quá khứ. Thì này liên kết hai sự kiện trong quá khứ, trong đó hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, còn hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn.
Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Câu khẳng định | Câu phủ định | Câu nghi vấn |
S + had + V3/ed | S + had + not + V3/ed
→ had not = hadn’t |
Had + S + V3/ed
→ Yes + S + had → No + S had + not |
I had finished my homework before I went to the party.
(Tôi đã không hoàn thành bài tập về nhà trước khi tôi đến dự bữa tiệc) |
She hadn’t cooked dinner when I got home.
(Cô ấy đã không nấu bữa tối khi tôi trở về nhà) |
Had you seen the movie before we went to the cinema?
(Bạn có xem bộ phim này trước khi chúng ta đến rạp chiếu phim chưa? |
Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
- Diễn tả một hoạt động đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Example: When I arrived at the party, everyone had already eaten. (Khi tôi đến dự tiệc, mọi người đã ăn xong rồi.)
- Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài tới một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
Example: I had studied English for 5 years before I moved to London. (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh 5 năm trước khi chuyển đến London.)
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
Example: By the time the teacher arrived, the students had already finished the exam. (Lúc thầy giáo đến, học sinh đã làm xong bài kiểm tra rồi.)
- Diễn tả hành động điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ trong câu điều kiện loại 3
Example: If I had studied harder, I would have gotten a higher score on the exam. (Nếu tôi học tập chăm chỉ hơn, tôi đã đạt điểm cao hơn trong bài kiểm tra.)
- Dùng để thể hiện sự thất vọng về sự việc nào đó trong quá khứ. (thường dùng cấu trúc điều ước trong quá khứ.)
Example: I wish I had known the truth. (Giá như tôi biết sự thật sớm hơn.)
Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành – Past Perfect
Ghi nhớ các dấu hiệu nhận biết là vô cùng quan trọng, vì chúng giúp bạn làm các bài tập liên quan đến thì quá khứ hoàn thành, cũng như các bài tập kết hợp giữa thì quá khứ đơn và thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
Một số từ thường xuất hiện trong các câu sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành mà bạn cần lưu ý bao gồm:
- Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, …
- Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …
Example: Before I left for school, my mom had already packed my lunch. (Trước khi tôi đi học, mẹ tôi đã chuẩn bị sẵn bữa trưa cho tôi rồi.)
Example: After she had finished her work, she went to the movies. (Sau khi hoàn thành công việc, cô ấy đã đi xem phim.)
Example: By the end of last year, she had saved enough money to buy a new car. (Đến cuối năm, cô ấy đã tiết kiệm đủ tiền để mua một chiếc xe mới.)
Phân biệt thì quá khứ hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn
Thì Quá khứ đơn | Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Example: I visited Paris in 2019. (Tôi đã đến Pari vào năm 2019)
Example: She woke up, brushed her teeth, and then had breakfast. (Cô ấy thức dậy, đánh răng và ăn sáng).
Example: He lived in New York for five years. (Anh ấy đã từng sống ở New York khoảng 5 năm) |
Example: By the time she arrived at the party, everyone had already left. (Khi cô ấy đến bữa tiệc, mọi người đã rời khỏi hết rồi.)
Example: By the time she moved to London, she had lived in Paris for three years. (Trước khi cô ấy đến London, cô ấy đã sống ở Pari khoảng 3 năm) |
Nhiều bạn khi học thường nhầm lẫn cách dùng giữa thì quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn. Để nắm chắc ngữ pháp và tự tin làm bài tập hơn bạn có thể xem kiến thức tại bài viết: Thì quá khứ đơn
Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect)
Nhằm giúp bạn nắm được những kiến thức cơ bản của thì quá khứ hoàn thành, sau đây là một số dạng bài tập từ cơ bản đến nâng cao để bạn luyện tập.
Bài tập cơ bản thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống
- We____________________ the floor before he came. (to sweep)
- They____________________ (asleep before 3 o’clock. (to fall)
- It____________________to rain after we____________________ to the station. (start / get)
- We____________________ the village where we____________________ as children. (visit / live)
- By the time we____________________ the inn all the guests____________________. (reach / leave)
- We____________________ him just after he____________________news of his dismissal. (meet / get)
- I said I____________________ that play before. (see)
- Nobody____________________ where she____________________ .(know / go)
- They____________________dinner when we____________________.(finish / arrive)
- He said that he already twice____________________ our town. (visit)
Bài 2: Điền vào chỗ trống
- The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we____________________ (build) .
- He____________________ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
- When she went out to play, she____________________ (do / already) her homework.
- My brother ate all of the cake that our mum____________________ (make) .
- The doctor took off the plaster that he____________________ (put on) six weeks before.
- The waiter brought a drink that I____________________ (not / order) .
- I could not remember the poem we____________________ (learn) the week before.
- The children collected the chestnuts that____________________ (fall) from the tree.
- ____________________(he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
- She____________________ (not / ride) a horse before that day.
Bài 3: Điền vào chỗ trống
- I left my office and then____________________ (take) a taxi home.
- I failed my test because I____________________ (not/study).
- The airplane departed by 8 p.m. and____________________ (arrive) in Toronto three hours later.
- I didn’t order food, so I____________________ (not/pay).
- I didn’t order food because I____________________ (forgot) my wallet.
- By the time I got to the party, my friends____________________ (left). I missed them.
- By the year 2005, her parents____________________ (divorce) unfortunately.
- In 2000, her parents____________________ (fall) in love.
- She____________________ (not/see) snow until she moved to Canada.
Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng
1.The doctor asked me if I _______ (smoke) before I entered the room.
- had smoken
- had smoked
- have smoke
- had smoke
2.We asked him why he ……. telephoned earlier.
- didn’t
- hadn’t
- hasn’t
- wouldn’t
3.Actually I had ……. it to her before we set out.
- mentioned
- mentioning
- mention
- mentions
4.He was wondering what ……. prompted him to take no notice at all.
- had
- having
- have
- has
5.I wonder what ……. happened while I was away.
- has
- had
- will have
- was
6.The manager has called for a meeting to let everyone know that he _____ (find) a solution for their problems.
- had find
- have found
- had finded
- had found
7.I must admit I ……. thought how the story would finish before I read the book.
- haven’t
- couldn’t
- hadn’t
- aren’t
8.He was fired, despite the fact that he tried to prove that he _______(do) anything wrong.
- hadn’t done
- hadn’t do
- didn’t
- hadn’t did
9.I can assure you that this box ……. never been opened before I opened this morning.
- had
- is
- was
- will
10.When he was only thirty years old, he ……. already experienced what most people only experience when they are much older.
- is
- had
- was
- has
Bài 5: Điền vào chỗ trống với các từ đã cho
make / start / write / leave/ forget / fly / escape / close/ give / ring /eat / change / go / see
- When I got to the house, Mary wasn’t there. She _________ already _________ .
- I didn’t recognize my old classmate because she _________________ so much.
- We were late for the show last night. By the time we got to the theater, the movie _____________ already _______________.
- Yesterday I went on my first plane trip. I was very nervous because I ___________ never _____________ before.
- I couldn’t eat much dinner last night because I ______________ such a big lunch.
- I couldn’t buy any groceries last night because when I got to the supermarket, it _______________ already ______________.
- Last week our teacher gave back the essays we ________________ the week before.
- The house was quiet when Andrew got home. Everyone _________________ to bed several hours earlier.
- They got to school late yesterday. The bell _____________ already _____________.
- Sheila couldn’t come to my house last night because she _______________ already _________________ other plans.
- We couldn’t find the house. It was clear that he ________________ us the wrong add address.
- Annie didn’t want to come to the movie with us because she ___________________ it the week before.
- By the time the police arrived at the bank, the robber ____________ already ___________________.
- I couldn’t get into my apartment when I came home from work last night because I _________________ to take my key.
Bài 6: Viết lại câu thì quá khứ hoàn thành với “By the time”
Ex. I missed my plane. (airport/ plane take off) By the time I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
- I missed the show. (theater/ movie start) ________________________________________________________________________
- I couldn’t get my prescription. (drugstore/ close) ________________________________________________________________________
- I couldn’t say goodbye to my friends. (call their house/ they leave) ________________________________________________________________________
- I didn’t get the job. (I apply/ they hire someone else) ________________________________________________________________________
- We couldn’t buy the house. (we see/ someone else make an offer) ________________________________________________________________________
- The house was destroyed. (the firemen arrive/ house burn down) ________________________________________________________________________
- I didn’t get to taste her chocolate cake. (I arrive/ her children eat whole thing) ________________________________________________________________________
- I didn’t see her when she was sick. (I go/ hospital/ she go home) ________________________________________________________________________
- I didn’t see the game. ( I turn on the TV/ game finish) ________________________________________________________________________
- I missed my daughter’s performance. ( I arrive concert/ my daughter finish her song) _______________________________________________________________________
Bài 7: Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành – Với Already và Yet Khẳng định và Phủ định
Yesterday was Valentine’s Day. Rita’s boyfriend, Tom, came for dinner at 5:00.
Rita’s Schedule Yesterday
10.00 | Clean the house |
12:30 | Buy groceries |
2:00 | Bake a cake |
3:00 | Cook a roast |
4:00 | Prepare the vegetables |
4:30 | Set the table |
5:30 | Make a salad |
6:00 | Choose some romantic music |
6:30 | Make a fire |
7:00 | Light the candles |
7:30 | Serve the meal |
Make sentences with the past perfect tense to tell what Rita had already done when Tom arrived and what she hadn’t done yet.
Ex. When Tom arrived, Rita had already cleaned the house.
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________________________
- _____________________________________________________________________
Bài 8: Viết câu phủ định của các câu cho sẵn bên dưới
Ex. My house was very dirty when she came over because…. (I/ not clean/ for weeks) My house was very dirty when she came over because I hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.
- Joe had to study hard for yesterday’s test because… (he/not do well/ the week before) ________________________________________________________________________
- I was worried when she didn’t arrive on time because… (she/ not be/ late/ before) ________________________________________________________________________
3. Judy didn’t want to go on the school ski trip because …. (she/not ski/ before) ________________________________________________________________________ - I didn’t recognize Ellen at the party because…. (I not/see/ for years) ________________________________________________________________________
- John didn’t catch the bus because…. (he/not leave/ the house/ on time ________________________________________________________________________
- Andy ate a huge supper last night because… (he/not eat/ all day) ________________________________________________________________________
- The farmers’ fields were very dry because… (it/not rain/ for weeks) ________________________________________________________________________
- Roberta’s hair looked terrible last night because… (she/not comb/ all day) ______________________________________________________________________
- Amanda was exhausted yesterday because…. (she/not sleep/ well/for several days) _______________________________________________________________________
- I was so happy when I got to the theater because ….. (the movie/ not start/ yet) ________________________________________________________________________
Bài tập nâng cao thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống
- When I arrived at the cinema, the film____________________ (start).
- She____________________ (live) in China before she went to Thailand.
- After they____________________(eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.
- If you____________________(listen) to me, you would have got the job.
- Julie didn’t arrive until after I____________________ (leave).
- When we____________________(finish) dinner, we went out.
- The garden was dead because it____________________(be) dry all summer.
- They____________________(meet) her somewhere before.
- We were late for the plane because we____________________(forget) our passports.
- She told me she____________________(study) a lot before the exam.
- The grass was yellow because it____________________(not/rain) all summer.
- The lights went off because we____________________(not/pay) the electricity bill.
- The children____________________(not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble.
- They____________________(not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.
- We couldn’t go into the concert because we____________________(not/bring) our tickets.
- She said that she____________________ (not/visit) the UK before.
- Julie and Anne____________________ (not/meet) before the party.
- Tom____________________(not/have) breakfast when he arrived.
- Minh____________________(not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it.
- King____________________(not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.
Đáp án bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Đáp án bài tập cơ bản thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1:
- had swept
- had felt
- had started/ had gotten
- had visited/ had lived
- had reached/ had left
- had met/ had gotten
- had seen
- had known/ had gone
- had finished/ had arrived
- had visited
Bài 2:
- had built
- had not been/ hadn’t been
- had already done
- had made
- had put on
- had not ordered/ hadn’t ordered
- had learned
- had fallen
- Had he phoned
- hadn’t ridden/ had not ridden
Bài 3:
- had taken
- had not studied/hadn’t studied
- had arrived
- had not paid/ hadn’t paid
- had forgotten
- had left
- had divorced
- had fallen
- had not seen/ hadn’t seen
Bài 4:
- B
- B
- A
- A
- B
- D
- C
- A
- A
- B
Bài 5:
- had already left
- had changed
- had already started
- had never flown
- had eaten
- had already closed
- had written
- had gone
- had already rung
- had already made
- had given
- had seen
- had escaped
- had forgotten
Bài 6:
- By the time I got to the theater, the movie had already started.
- By the time I got to the drugstore, it had already closed.
- By the time I called their house, they had already left.
- By the time I applied, they had already hired someone else.
- By the time we saw the house, someone had already made an offer.
- By the time the firemen arrived, the house had already burned down.
- By the time I arrived, her children had already eaten the whole cake.
- By the time I got to the hospital, she had already gone home.
- By the time I turned on the TV, the game had already finished.
- By the time I arrived at the concert, my daughter had already finished her song.
Bài 7:
- When Tom arrived, Rita had already bought groceries.
- When Tom arrived, she had already baked a cake.
- When Tom arrived, she had already cooked a roast.
- When Tom arrived, she had already prepared the vegetables.
- When Tom arrived, she had already set the table.
- When Tom arrived, she hadn’t made a salad yet.
- When Tom arrived, she hadn’t chosen any romantic music yet.
- When Tom arrived, she hadn’t made a fire yet.
- When Tom arrived, she hadn’t lit the candles yet.
- When Tom arrived, she hadn’t served the meal yet.
Bài 8:
- …he hadn’t done well the week before.
- …she had not been late before.
- …she had not skied before.
- …I had not seen her for years.
- …he had not left the house on time.
- …he had not eaten all day.
- …it had not rained for weeks.
- she had not combed it all day.
- … she had not slept well for several days.
- …the movie had not started yet.
Đáp án bài tập nâng cao thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống
- had started
- had lived
- had eaten
- had listened
- had left
- had finished
- had been
- had met
- had forgotten
- had studied
- had not rained/ hadn’t rained
- hadn’t paid/ had not paid
- hadn’t done/ had not done
- hadn’t eaten/ had not eaten
- hadn’t brought/ had not brought
- hadn’t visited/ had not visited
- had not met/ hadn’t met
- had not had/ hadn’t had
- hadn’t used/ had not used
- hadn’t studied/ had not studied
Nếu các bạn muốn làm thêm các bài tập khác về dạng thì quá khứ đơn, có thể xem thêm bài viết: Bài tập thì quá khứ đơn
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